Methods of research: Observation, Survey, Experimental, Quasi-experimental, Field studies, Cross-Cultural Studies, Phenomenology, Grounded theory, Focus groups, Narratives, Case studies, Ethnography.Paradigms of research: Quantitative, Qualitative, Mixed methods approach.Ethics in conducting and reporting research.Research problems, Variables and Operational Definitions, Hypothesis, Sampling.Research: Meaning, Purpose, and Dimensions.
The primacy of self-knowledge in Indian psychology. Science and spirituality (avidya and vidya).
Significant Indian paradigms on psychological knowledge: Yoga, Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism, and Integral Yoga. Paradigms of Western Psychology: Positivism, Post-Positivism, Critical perspective, Social Constructionism, Existential Phenomenology, and Co-operative Enquiry. Essential aspects of knowledge paradigms: Ontology, epistemology, and methodology.Issues: Crisis in psychology due to strict adherence to experimental-analytical paradigm (logical empiricism). Four founding paths of academic psychology – Wundt, Freud, James, Dilthey. Structuralism, Functionalism, Psychoanalytical, Gestalt, Behaviorism, Humanistic-Existential, Transpersonal, Cognitive revolution, Multiculturalism. Western: Greek heritage, medieval period and modern period.Issues: The colonial encounter Post colonialism and psychology Lack of distinct disciplinary identity. Academic psychology in India: Pre-independence era post-independence era 1970s: The move to addressing social issues 1980s: Indigenization 1990s: Paradigmatic concerns, disciplinary identity crisis 2000s: Emergence of Indian psychology in academia. Psychological thought in some major Eastern Systems: Bhagavad Gita, Buddhism, Sufism and Integral Yoga.
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